ALBUQUERQUE, N.M -- At one time in your life, you may experience body pains. It may be due to a habit, lifestyle, illness, or accident. Examples are low back pain, joint injury, or arthritis.

The body naturally tries to repair itself. But to help heal joints and tissues, there’s regenerative injection therapy (RIT). It’s also called proliferative therapy, prolotherapy joint injections, or prolo. 

What is Prolotherapy? 

RIT has different types. These are stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and prolotherapy. Prolo is considered a complementary and alternative medical modality. It’s used for chronic muscle and skeletal pain. 

Medical practitioners have been using it for about a century. Prolo is a natural way of reducing pain and repairing the body’s tissues. It aids the body in healing itself. 

Its effect is permanent, unlike pain killers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, prolo can be an alternative to pain medications and surgery.

A medical practitioner injects saline or dextrose solution into a joint or area of concern. This prolotherapy joint injection can be used for specific conditions:

• Arthritis or joint pain
• Ligament, tendon, and muscle problems
• Strains and sprains
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)

How does prolotherapy work? 

Its exact mechanism of action is not known. But prolo works for joint pain management and tissue regeneration. 

Referred to as “proliferants,” prolotherapy joint injections contain saline or dextrose (sugar-water solution). They irritate the target problem area. But, it’s all good as it stimulates an inflammatory or healing response. As a result, your body grows new tissue. 

An example is your injured ligament. As the injected solution takes effect, your ligament starts to heal and strengthen. In time, your joints become stable, and your pain stops.

These therapeutic injections help reduce your pain and ease your stiffness. In addition, it improves your joint function and mobility. It leads to the strengthening of your ligaments and other tissues. 

Healing of damaged tissue takes about 6-8 weeks. It continues 6 to 12 months later. For best results, a regenerative joint injection takes several shots per session. Sessions last about three to six months.

Are prolotherapy joint injections and steroid injections the same?

Prolo is a nonsteroidal joint injection. It reduces inflammation and manages joint pain like steroid injections. However, a clinical study shows dextrose prolo as superior to corticosteroid or steroid injections. 

Study participants had chronic lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow. It’s a condition where the tendons of the hand are overused. Examples include repetitive gripping or wrist extending.

Prolo and steroid injections resulted in the effective short-term treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis. But dextrose prolo performed better in the long term. 

Moreover, prolonged use of steroid injections can cause unwanted side effects. It includes a weakened immune system and breakdown of joints. In contrast, prolo doesn’t increase the risk of cartilage and bone injury.

Finally, corticosteroids cause high blood pressure and blood sugar. Prolonged use can also result in weight gain.

Are joint injections effective?

Researchers investigated the efficacy of prolo for pain relief over the years. However, the American College of Rheumatology warns people about RIT/prolo. The Arthritis Foundation said more studies should be conducted on sugar-water injection for osteoarthritis. 

At the same time, The American Pain Society also cautions people from getting regenerative injections for chronic low back pain. Yet, the American Academy for Orthopedic Medicine recommends it for some cases of low back pain. 

There may be conflicting recommendations from experts, yet studies yield promising conclusions. Here are some of the benefits of prolo based on studies:

• Osteoarthritis 

Prolotherapy works for knee osteoarthritis based on studies. For example, one study investigated the effects of saline and dextrose prolotherapy. Ninety participants with knee osteoarthritis received injections from one to 17 weeks. 

After 52 weeks, the participants said their knee pain, function, and stiffness improved. The effects were better for participants injected with dextrose.

A similar study looked into the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy. Twenty-four women with knee osteoarthritis received three joint injections. The interval was every four weeks. By the 24^th week, the results reveal improvement in pain and mobility.  

• Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD) 

OSD is common among growing adolescents who are active in sports. It’s characterized by swelling and pain below the knee cap.  It gets worse while running, jumping, or playing soccer or basketball. 

A study shows dextrose injections to be effective and safe for athletic teens with OSD.

• Damaged ligament

Dextrose prolotherapy also works for fingers and spinal/pelvic pains due to damaged ligaments. It’s supported by experimental studies that found prolotherapy can stimulate collagen fiber growth. Collagen production strengthens ligaments.

• Overuse tendinopathy

Tendinopathy or tendinosis occurs when collagen in the tendons wears out. It becomes overuse tendinopathy when the tendons are continuously strained over time. 

It causes tears in the tendon. It then leads to pain with problems in flexibility and motion. Tendinopathy is a chronic condition like osteoarthritis. A study shows that prolotherapy may improve mild to moderate cases of tendinopathy. However, more studies need to support this claim.

• Low back pain with a nonspecific and specific cause

A large study investigated 110 participants with chronic nonspecific low-back pain of at least 14 years. The researchers divided them into groups of four. 

Some received saline injections, while others got dextrose. Then, the groups either participated in a regular activity or physical therapy. 

The study reveals a decrease in pain and disability of the affected area by the 12^th month. It was regardless of the prolotherapy solution or the exercise that came with it.

Further, the latest 2021 review supports earlier findings on prolotherapy for chronic low back pain. It included 12 articles from various databases. The review reveals prolotherapy as effective management for chronic low back pain. 

It was effective where other modalities failed. However, the positive results were also attributed to co-interventions such as exercise or physical therapy.  

Are joint injections safe?

Increasing evidence suggests prolotherapy injections are generally safe when done by a medical practitioner. Researchers, though, need to conduct more trials to develop standard measurements, preparation, and administration.

It may be cost-effective for tissue regrowth and pain management. But, like other injection therapies, there are a few contradictions and possible side effects.

What are the contraindications of prolotherapy joint injections?

Prolo is not for everyone. You won’t be allowed to undergo injection therapy if you have specific pre-existing conditions. These conditions coupled with regenerative joint injection may cause harm.

Prolo contraindications are a few:

• Cellulitis
• Local abscess
• Acute arthritis
• Acute fracture

What are the potential side effects of prolotherapy?

Have you at one time taken an injection medication or vaccine? The most common potential side effect of prolo is similar. Some people report localizing numbness or pain at the injection site. Although, it doesn’t last long.

A post-injection flare-up may occur after 72 hours, but it’s rare. Besides, flare-ups are also self-limiting and can be treated with an OTC pain reliever.

Other possible adverse events may include any of the following:

• Bruising or swelling
• Slight bleeding
• Lightheadedness
• Headache
• Ligament, tendon, or nerve damage
• Allergic reaction
• Infection

However, a study reported no severe side effects of prolo for some joint problems.

What is Prolozone™?

What comes to mind when you hear the word “ozone”? 

Ozone is a type of gas. It’s fresh, pure air or oxygen with an additional molecule. Injections don’t usually contain ozone, but it’s an added benefit. Combined with neural therapy and RIT/prolo, you get Prolozone™! 

According to the Journal of Prolotherapy, Prolozone™ contains procaine, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, minerals, proliferatives, and ozone. 

This potent substance is injected into a painful area of an injured or degenerated joint. The results are remarkable. Ozone injections help restore oxygen in the tissue of the injected site. 

As a result, pain is immediately decreased by 50-80%. In addition, the damaged tissue heals and functions normally again. Pain permanently disappears as degenerated tissue regrows. 

What can you expect from prolotherapy?

Before you start your prolotherapy joint injections, you have to know about the procedure and risks involved. Only when you’ve given your consent can you proceed with it.

Getting a prolo shot hurts less than immunizations. Most people tolerate it well. 

A medical practitioner applies local anesthesia or topical cream to the injection site. The prolo injection follows it. 

You receive about three or more shots every month. And you undergo about 3-12 sessions, as needed. 

There’s minimal pain or soreness once you’ve been injected. It lasts for about a week. After that, pain is relative and depends on every person. So, medical practitioners may prescribe your acetaminophen. 

Although, refrain from taking NSAIDs for at least seven days. It may interfere with the intended regenerative action. Applying ice and a warm compress can be more helpful in relieving the pain.

Other people return to their daily routines after receiving their regenerative joint injection. But avoid swimming or soaking in the bathtub for too long. These activities may cause an infection at the injection site.

Some people experience more severe pain after a day or two. It wanes on the third to fourth day.

Light stretching exercises after the third day are allowed. However, you should take caution since it’s possible to injure the treated tissue. 

Summary

Athletes and physically active people are prone to injuries. Like them, you can experience joint injuries caused by daily activities and illnesses. Sometimes, your joint injuries last for months. Medical practitioners use various modalities for chronic joint injuries.

Some experts suggest further studies to validate the efficacy of prolotherapy joint injections. However, a growing body of evidence continues to support its use. The benefits include ease of joint pain and tissue repair.

Where is prolotherapy near me? 

The Injection and Infusion offers prolotherapy joint injections near you. It’s located in downtown Albuquerque at 8400 Osuna Road NE, Suite 5C.

Albuquerque, NM -- Discover 10 benefits of NAD infusions for better health. Ask the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ for all details.

Aging brings about a lot of unwanted bodily changes. Aging first happens inside the human cells, and little by little, its effects become visible, affecting not just one’s appearance but one’s vitality as well.

Aside from cognitive decline, aging is most dreaded for its effect on appearance. Many people get alarmed even at the earliest sign of a wrinkle. Because of this, many treatments have emerged just to prevent or delay the aging process.

The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ offers various treatments formulated to work against the aging process. One of the most effective treatments addresses the problem at the cellular level through NAD IV therapy.

What is NAD+ therapy, and why does it work? Let us learn the basics and the benefits of having this revolutionary infusion.

• What is NAD+
• How was NAD discovered?
• What are the roles of NAD in metabolism?
• Why is NAD+ supplementation necessary?
• What is NAD+ IV Therapy?
• What are the significant therapeutic benefits of NAD?
• Where Can I Find  NAD+ IV Therapy Near Me?

What is NAD+?

NAD stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme found in all living cells essential for cell viability and function. 

I Formed from tryptophan and Vitamin B3,  absorbed from the diet, NAD  converts into the metabolically active coenzyme NAD+.

NAD helps cells in the body produce energy. It converts the energy we get from food into cellular energy our system can readily use. 

Scientists link NAD to various therapeutic applications.  Anti-aging and chronic conditions related to the human brain widely use NAD.

A large amount of usable NAD energy in the body equates to a high quality of life and functioning. NAD  helps produce adenosine triphosphate or ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell.

NAD+ acts as a helper molecule in the human body. It binds to other enzymes in the body, and the process activates them and makes them perform molecular reactions efficiently.

How was NAD discovered?

 Studies on pellagra, a disease caused by a lack of niacin or Vitamin B3, brought the importance of NAD into the spotlight. 

Pellagra, characterized by symptoms including skin inflammation, results in dark pigmentation, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and mouth sores.

Pellagra can either be primary or secondary. Primary pellagra happens when the diet does not contain sufficient amounts of niacin and tryptophan, the precursors for NAD. 

Secondary pellagra happens when the body is unable to use or metabolize niacin provided through the diet. This inability is usually due to chronic alcoholism, chronic diarrhea, carcinoid syndrome, Hartnup disease, or can be due to a long-term intake of medications such as isoniazid. In general, pellagra can later result in death if untreated.

Pellagra was common in rural European areas and even became an epidemic in the southern part of the United States.  Dr. Joseph Goldberger of the US government’s hygienic laboratory later discovered pellagra was cured and prevented upon substituting corn-based diets with milk, eggs, and meat.

It was not long before an American biochemist named Conrad Elvehjem described nicotinic acid and nicotinamide as substances that cure and prevent pellagra. Consequently, these substances are precursors for NAD, an essential element for all cells.

Pellagra remains endemic in underdeveloped countries. In developed countries,  scientists mainly associate pellagra with tuberculosis, malabsorption, alcoholism, and eating disorders, which are also indications for NAD therapy.

NAD+ was already discovered more than a hundred years ago as a cofactor in fermentation and a nucleoside sugar-phosphate. But it was only in 1935 when a third Nobel laureate, Otto Warburg, discovered its critical roles in biochemical reactions.

What are the roles of NAD in metabolism?

Understanding NAD metabolism involves a brief review of our basic biochemistry. 

Oxidative phosphorylation is a process occurring inside the human body’s cells responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy currency of the cell. It accounts for 90% of the body’s energy and uses two biochemical cycles to achieve this goal: (1) the citric acid cycle and the (2) electron transfer chain.

These cycles cannot proceed without the availability of NAD.

Because of its immense role in cells, NAD is essential to achieve harmonious bodily functions. NAD and its metabolites function as critical regulators to maintain physiologic processes. 

On a larger scale, NAD+ is known to:

• Participate in the motor and sensory function of the brain and nervous system;
• Aid in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation processes in the liver;
• Participate in the endothelial function inside blood vessels;
• Exhibit cardioprotection for the heart;
• Aid in the immunity and anti-inflammatory functions of lymphoid tissues;
• Aid in the process of fertility;
• Provide renoprotection for the kidneys;
• Aid in the insulin secretion process of the pancreas;
• Assist in insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation; and
• Aid in lipogenesis of adipose tissue.

In general, NAD and its metabolites help the cells adapt to environmental changes, including nutrient imbalance, factors likely to damage DNA, infection, and inflammation. It also allows the body to adjust to drastic changes in the body’s sleep-wake cycle and other foreign substances potentially harmful to the body. 

Why is NAD+ supplementation necessary?

Now that we know the roles of NAD+ in the body, we are now ready to tackle why we should book that appointment with The Infusion and Injection Clinic of ABQ for our NAD IV Therapy session.

The reason for most chronic ailments in the body is an energy-deficient environment. The sad reality is as we age, our natural NAD levels decrease as well. 

 With less than 20 mg of niacin, you can meet the daily requirements for NAD+ biosynthesis. However, NAD bioavailability in the body might still be affected by food processing or cooking of dietary sources despite oral consumption of a NAD-rich diet. 

Aside from the fact that NAD levels readily decrease with age, there are also many possible causes for low NAD levels in the body. This decrease includes the following:

• Genetics (surprisingly, 10% of our genetic pool is generally NAD+ deficient)
• Malnutrition 
• Chemical substances (e.g., valproic acid, tumor-therapeutic drugs)
• Mitochondrial disorders
• Liver diseases
• Malfunctioning adrenal glands
• Thyroid problems (e.g., overactive thyroid glands)

What is NAD+ IV Therapy?

There are many ways to help the body produce NAD. It can be nasal sprays, oral supplements, or intravenous (IV) therapy.

Intravenous infusions. or intravenous therapy is one of the best options for vitamins and supplements to be readily absorbed by the body. IV therapy gives faster results compared to oral supplements. 

This fast response is because IV therapy bypasses the first-pass effect – the phenomenon in which a drug first gets metabolized at the liver or the gut, which then results in a reduced concentration of the active drug in the system. 

Bioavailability is the percentage of a drug or other substance that penetrates the circulation when introduced into the body. Knowing a substance’s bioavailability will determine the active effect of the substance. 

If you introduce a substance orally, the vitamin or supplement undergoes biotransformation in the liver. This biotransformation in the liver results in a decrease in the therapeutic action from the vitamin or supplement.

What are the significant therapeutic benefits of NAD?

Scientists have studied NAD and its metabolites for decades and have discovered the following therapeutic benefits:

1. NAD plays a vital role in addiction recovery.

Addiction is a treatable condition. However, an estimated 40-60% of people who have undergone therapy for substance use addiction go into relapse. 

After experiencing temporary improvement against addiction, studies have shown withdrawal symptoms are often the reason why addicts slip into relapse.

NAD is not a cure against addiction. Rather, it acts as an adjunct therapy that reduces withdrawal symptoms. 

Studies have shown NAD given through IV infusion is capable of helping patients withdraw from addictive drugs without experiencing the agony of withdrawal symptoms. It also helps health providers address the problem of addiction without necessarily using more costly and more dangerous synthetic therapeutic agents.

2. Pain management.

In pain management, NAD aids sirtuins in alleviating pain and reducing inflammation. Sirtuins are a group of proteins that play a vital role in the body’s inflammatory process. Sirtuins need the coenzyme form of NAD to function correctly.

3. Improvement of cognitive function.

Sirtuins do not just play a role in pain and inflammation. They are also responsible for maintaining optimal cognitive function.

Aging results in lesser availability of NAD in the body, and this affects the functionality of sirtuins.

Supplementation of NAD+ and its intermediates are key to restoring NAD+ levels in the body and counteract diseases associated with aging, including neurodegenerative diseases. 

NAD specifically contributes to the cognitive function of the human body through:

• Boosting one’s memory, focus, and concentration.
• Reducing brain fog and enhancing mental clarity.
• Improving mood. 
• Facilitating the regeneration of neural connections inside the brain.
• Reducing symptoms associated with depression.

4. Boost energy.

NAD plays a vital role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is also known as the fuel needed by cellular structures, such as mitochondria, to perform cellular metabolism.

NAD supplementation results in higher production of ATP. This production explains why NAD IV infusions boost energy levels and reduce the sensation of exhaustion.   Chronic fatigue syndrome uses NAD infusions to manage the disease.

5. Improve athletic performance.

Due to its capacity to boost energy at the cellular level, you can readily conclude NAD infusions significantly improve athletic performance.

NAD plays a crucial role in muscle health. It does so through the protein molecules called sirtuins. It is imperative in skeletal muscle development, which is vital for a successful athletic performance.

Therefore, NAD supplementation does not only improve the functionality of skeletal muscle but also helps in gaining muscle mass.

6. Weight management.

NAD helps in cellular metabolism, and studies have shown supplementation with NAD or its metabolites result in partial inhibition of weight gain in mice fed with a high-fat diet (Xie et al., 2020). 

This inhibition is because NAD helps regulate the formation of cells used in fat storage, otherwise known as adipocytes. Lesser NAD+ levels in the body result in weight gain.

Research suggests that NAD supplementation, along with proper diet and regular exercise, can help maintain an ideal or healthy weight. This maintenance is beneficial for people whose metabolic processes have slowed down due to aging.

7. Aid in the management of rosacea and dermatitis. 

The antioxidative properties of NAD are present even in topical form. It effectively protects the cell and its cell membrane from destruction by free radicals.

Research shows topical application of NAD reduces redness and the visibility of papules in its subjects.

8. Delay onset of chronic lifestyle diseases

NAD levels and the functionality of sirtuins collectively decrease with aging. Chronic lifestyle diseases become the outcome of the process, and obesity and a sedentary lifestyle aggravate it.

Decreased NAD levels and loss of sirtuin activity contribute to the onset of a wide variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.  This variety includes:

• atherosclerosis
• acute cardiac syndromes
• cardiomyopathy
• heart failure
• irregular heart rates
• high blood pressure
• metabolic syndrome
• obesity
• fatty liver
• diabetes mellitus
• irregularities in lipid and cholesterol levels 

9. Help counteract the effect of nutrient deficiency.

Vitamin B3, or niacin, is a precursor to the NAD coenzyme. The average recommended dietary allowance for niacin is equivalent to 16 milligrams per day for men and 14 milligrams per day for women.

 Eating red meat, fish, poultry, fortified bread and cereals, and enriched pasta and peanuts helps you obtain niacin. However, because of the effect of the first-pass metabolism, diet alone may not be enough for the daily requirement of niacin. 

Furthermore, people who are not fond of eating Vitamin B3-rich foods may end up being NAD-deficient. This includes people who have excluded meat from their diet. 

Therefore, an effective way to counteract this nutrient deficiency is through a regular NAD IV infusion.

10. Improve overall well being.

Do you know NAD does not just have antioxidant effects, but it also has a positive impact on the body’s circadian rhythm?

Circadian rhythm refers to natural processes that follow a 24-hour cycle, including physical, mental, and behavioral changes. These processes link to the light and dark phases in a day.  

Natural components in the body maintain these circadian rhythms. Chronic disturbances of these circadian rhythms result in weight gain, impulsivity, and slower thinking.  These disturbances are similar to those happening in people who experience shift work or jet lag.
A sufficient level of NAD+ in the body results in proper regulation of the body’s circadian rhythm. A new study was released suggesting a role for NAD+ in resisting age-related circadian rhythm disruptions through sirtuins. 

Where Can I Find NAD+ IV Therapy Near Me?

NAD IV therapy works wonders for everyone – for those who suffer from chronic debilitating diseases or for the healthy and able. Whether it is to aid in the recovery of disease, or to augment present body functions, NAD IV therapy is one of the most revolutionary infusions to date.

There are multiple NAD IV therapy clinics available, but the best place to have it is at the clinic known for its experience in giving NAD IV infusions.

Albuquerque, NM -- Seeking treatment-resistant depression relief? Here are the real pros and cons of ketamine infusion from the Injection and Infusion Clinic.

Ketamine is an FDA-approved anesthetic administered during surgeries. But it has been controversial because of its other uses. 

Studies have shown that ketamine is a reasonable antidepressant therapeutic substance. People use it as an off-label drug for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) for many years. 

People also undergo IV ketamine infusions as a relief from other mood and behavioral disorders. It includes obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and suicidal ideation. 

Do you have any of these conditions? 

It’s best to consult your healthcare provider before considering ketamine. You may call us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic to know more about IV ketamine infusion therapy. Our clinic observes proper ketamine protocols. Since 2017, we have administered more than 2,000 infusions. Our ketamine-certified staff can gladly answer your concerns at 505 455 4300.

Let’s shed light on some of the controversies of IV ketamine infusion. Check out these pros and cons.

Five Pros:

• Ketamine is a promising therapy for TRD.
• Ketamine is safe and well-tolerated by the body.
• Ketamine has a rapid onset and short duration of action.
• Ketamine infusions have cumulative and long-term antidepressant effects.
• Ketamine works for maintenance.

Five Cons:

• Patients must observe proper protocols to get into an IV ketamine infusion therapy.
• Ketamine may have unpleasant side effects.
• Ketamine may interfere with other substances and medical conditions.
• Ketamine has the potential for abuse.
• Ketamine may cause brain damage if abused.

Pros

Healthcare providers give Ketamine as an infusion into a vein in your body. It takes about 40 minutes for one session. People undergo different experiences during this time. Most people find the therapy pleasant. Their experience may be different from yours. But generally, the benefits of IV ketamine infusion are many:

• A lot of studies show that ketamine infusion is a promising therapy. It worked for TRD when most effective interventions failed to work. It includes medications, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinicians dub ECTtheas the “gold standard” in treating TRD. If it doesn’t work, a clinician may offer ketamine infusion as an intervention.

You may be alone during the ketamine session or with a companion. There’s also an option for you to undergo psychotherapy with a medical professional. Psychotherapy forms part of the therapy for TRD. The ketamine experience becomes more meaningful. It eventually helps you thresh out the emotional or psychological burdens.

• Ketamine is safe and well-tolerated by the body. About 200 people with TRD participated in a large study. The researchers aimed to describe the safety, tolerability, and acceptability of ketamine in TRD. 

The study reveals that ketamine was safe and well-tolerated by the participants. The participants didn’t report any adverse effects or increased substance long-term use. More studies later supported the results of this 2015 study.

• Ketamine has a rapid onset and short duration of action. It’s a consistent finding from various studies. The start of action is within seconds. It can ease your depressive symptoms during a ketamine session. You may experience optimal effects at 24 hours to seven days with a single dose.

Numerous studies suggest a dose of 0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes. This optimal dose for adults proved to be more effective than a placebo.

• Ketamine infusions have cumulative and long-term antidepressant effects. Participants in a clinical trial experienced a maintained decrease in depressive symptoms with once-a-week infusions. 

They had no serious adverse events. The most common side effects were dizziness, numbness or tingling, and dissociation. Some participants had elevated blood pressure but returned to base levels after the infusion.

• Ketamine works for maintenance. Depressive symptoms improve with a single infusion of ketamine. What about repeated and prolonged use for maintenance? 

Researchers asked the same questions in a 2020 study. Participants in the study responded well to repeated ketamine infusions despite relapsing between sessions. It’s the largest study to report the maintenance of antidepressant effects of ketamine. Participants of the study showed a reduced need for Ketamine to once weekly. 

The researchers said the antidepressant effects of repeated infusions were cumulative. Further studies, though, are needed to validate their claims. Long-term efficacy and safety have yet to be investigated.

Cons

Ketamine has its advantages as well as disadvantages. It’s not so much about the substance itself. The cons refer more to the behavior of a person using it. 

• Proper protocols must be observed to get into an IV ketamine infusion therapy. Unlike taking medications, you have to get a thorough evaluation and approval from a medical professional. Not all healthcare clinics are allowed to conduct the procedure. 

Once you get a go-signal, you receive your ketamine therapy in a ketamine-certified facility. An experienced and ketamine-certified professional administers and monitors you during the infusion sessions. 

You may develop potential side effects, so someone has to be with you during the infusion therapy. You have to stay 30 minutes after the infusion therapy. It’s to make sure you’re OK to go home. As a precaution, you won’t be allowed to drive.

• Ketamine may have unpleasant side effects. The most common are dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. It’s rare to get hallucinations, but people reported being drowsy, confused, dysphoric, or sad.

Other potential adverse effects:

• Delirium
• Difficulty of breathing
• Elevated blood pressure
• Muscle twitching
• Pain on the IV site
• Rapid heartbeats
• Rashes or redness of the skin
• Seizure

• Ketamine may interfere with other substances and medical conditions. You won’t be allowed to use ketamine for the following reasons or contraindications. Take this short quiz by answering “Yes” or “No.” These are ten questions to ask yourself before considering ketamine infusion therapy.

1. I had an adverse reaction when I used ketamine once.
2. I am actively drinking alcoholic beverages. 
3. I am taking cannabis.
4. I am taking prescription pain medications.
5. I have uncontrolled high blood pressure.
6. I have a history of psychosis, schizophrenia, or mental disorder.
7. I have a history of increased intracranial pressure.
8. I have unstable heart disease.
9. I am pregnant.
10. I am breastfeeding.

If you answered “Yes” to any of the ten questions, talk to us about it. We’ll see how we can further help you.

• Ketamine has the potential for abuse. Based on the Controlled Substances Act, ketamine is classified as a Schedule III. It means that ketamine is accepted for its medical uses. But it has a potential for abuse. Ketamine misuse can lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.

Ketamine has addictive properties like opioids. It affects the reward system in the brain. The more people use ketamine, the better they feel. As a result, they crave that feel-good experience.

Ketamine abuse causes a lot of long-term effects on the body. In general, it impacts the heart, kidneys, and mental health.

• Ketamine may cause brain damage if abused.

People have misused ketamine since the 1970s. People illegally use ketamine by snorting or inhaling and drinking or eating. It’s commonly named “Special K” as a street drug for recreational purposes. 

People use this for its out-of-body experience. It gives a feeling of euphoria. The feeling of being “high” lasts less than one hour. A person getting it at high doses feels like falling in a dark tunnel or “K-hole.” It’s like a near-death experience as the person is unaware of reality. 

It can lead to brain damage due to long-term use. A study shows that high doses of ketamine for several months had adverse effects on mice’s brains. It resulted in significant white matter lesions linked to glutamate toxicity. 

There’s another study about the effects of long-term use of people addicted to ketamine. Long-term means six months to 12 years. 

It reveals that people who were addicted to ketamine developed cortical atrophy. It’s rare degenerative brain damage that leads to visual problems. People with cortical atrophy find it hard to read, recognize objects and faces, or determine distances.

Urgent note! 

IV ketamine infusion therapy comes in a DOI dose. As a recreational drug, people use it at higher doses in an uncontrolled and repeated frequency. There are still no studies reporting brain damage as a result of long-term IV ketamine infusion therapy. 

Your Choice

Ketamine infusion or nasal spray are both available on the market. We only offer the infusion due to superior effectiveness for similar costs.

In 2019, the FDA approved Spravato®, a brand name of ketamine for TRD. It comes as a handy intranasal spray. You can buy it as a prescription drug. Although, it has to be administered in the presence of a medical professional. 

It’s noteworthy to mention that both are not made equal. IV ketamine appeared to be better than intranasal spray for TRD. It’s based on the results of the latest systemic review and meta-analysis. The researchers investigated 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,877 participants. The study was published in the Journal of Affective Disorders in January 2021.

Conclusion The pros and cons may shed some light on the tunnel of controversy. A growing body of evidence shows the benefits of ketamine therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression. Yet, there are still questions left unanswered. 

Ketamine is like any medication with positive attributes and potential drawbacks. It may affect people differently. Ketamine isn’t standalone management for TRD. It works well in combination with other interventions.

The question to ask yourself is, “Does the benefits of ketamine outweigh the few risks?”

Albuquerque, NM -- Our testosterone pellet replacement therapy is your cost effective solution for TRT. Get an appointment today. Our ABQ staff is ready for you!

Americans spend billions on prescription testosterone. It’s outstanding how testosterone can rake in so much money and attention. The reasons are simple.

A study shows prescription testosterone led to positive results. About 52% of the participants said it increased their energy. Another 42% said it boosted their libido. While 28% claimed they gained muscle mass. No wonder the US tops prescription testosterone globally at about 80% market share.

If you think you need testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), you won’t have to go far. Over 20 clinics and dozens of private medical practitioners offer TRT in Albuquerque. You may call us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic for more information about TRT at 505-445-4300.

Here's what you need to know about TRT:

• When do I start testosterone replacement therapy?
• When do I stop testosterone replacement therapy?
• How is testosterone replacement therapy done? 
• How much does testosterone replacement therapy cost?
• Which testosterone replacement therapy is best for me?

When do I start testosterone replacement therapy? 

Medical practitioners recommend TRT for men with low testosterone, also called hypogonadism. 

Before undergoing your TRT in Albuquerque, you can first take a quick symptom checker. The more “yes” answers, the higher is your probability of having low testosterone.

1. Do I have a low sex drive?
2. Do I have difficulty getting an erection?
3. Do I have less semen compared to a few years ago?
4. Do my testicles seem to be smaller than average?
5. Am I losing hair or balding?
6. Do I feel tired or have a low energy level all the time?
7. Are my muscles decreasing in mass?
8. Am I getting fat?
9. Do I have mood swings? For example, do I quickly get irritated, depressed, or out of sync?
10.  Do I experience memory gaps?

It’s best to consult a medical practitioner if you are experiencing most of the common symptoms of low testosterone. Part of the assessment is a thorough health history, physical examination, and labs. 

It’s crucial to tell a medical practitioner about your pre-existing health conditions. Elevated red blood cell count, sleep apnea, and heart problems disqualify you. If you don’t have any of these medical conditions, you have to undergo further tests. 

The most critical test for testosterone deficiency is a total blood testosterone level. A medical practitioner draws samples of your blood twice. You have one sample  drawn in the morning. To confirm the result, your healthcare provider draws the other blood sample before noon.

The normal testosterone level depends on your age. If you are 19 to 49 years old, your result should be 249 to 836 ng/dL. Or your result should be within 193 to 740 ng/dL if you’re 50 or more. A medical practitioner may recommend other labs before prescribing TRT for you.

When do I stop testosterone replacement therapy? 

According to the American Urological Association, TRT is a life-long therapy. Medical experts say it’s true, especially if the cause of low testosterone is irreversible. Other specialists note that going cold turkey can result in a sudden drop in testosterone level. The consequences can be extreme discomfort or the risk of death.

But you may decide to stop TRT if you no longer want it. A medical practitioner tapers off your TRT for about four weeks. Once you’re out of the TRT, though, your symptoms of low testosterone eventually get back.

How is testosterone replacement therapy done? 

Clinics in Albuquerque offer various forms of TRT, which you can browse. A medical practitioner prescribes TRT that suits you. It may depend on many factors. Primary consideration is given to your body’s response to TRT. 

It also includes your capacity to pay the price and convenience. Some men choose the easiest route to administer TRT. There are eight ways to administer testosterone by mouth, on the skin or nose, and under the skin. 

1. Implants or pellets

Testosterone pellets measure about 3 to 9 millimeters. Your healthcare provider implants the pellet under the skin near your hip. The procedure takes around 15 minutes. For three to six months, the testosterone releases slowly into your bloodstream.

Unlike other forms, pellets are long-acting.  A pellet, as a foreign object your body can push or expel it. It can also cause infection. 

2. Buccal tablets

You place testosterone between the inner cheeks and gums near the molars. It has a controlled ,and sustained release applied twice. You put the tablet in the buccal in the morning and the evening.

The usual dose of one tablet is 30 mg. It should stick to the gums and make sure it stays there until the next dose.  You should neither chew nor swallow the tablet.

3. Nasal gel

It’s applied inside the nose cavity two to three times a day. Based on a study, a specific brand of nasal gel restores testosterone levels. It’s safe and effective as a TRT for men with functional hypogonadism. However, it may cause mild discomfort. The top three most common side effects are colds, a runny nose, and nosebleeds.

4. Transdermal cream

It’s user-friendly as you apply the cream on the skin of your scrotum. A study found this route is well tolerated. It achieves maximum testosterone concentration than other creams applied to the different parts of the body.

It’s a fast, pain-free, and easy way to increase your testosterone level. The downside, though, is it gets wiped off. You have to avoid some activities.  To get maximum absorption, you have to delay working out, bathing, or having sex for about an hour after application.

5. Transdermal patch

It’s applied on intact skin, which is absorbed by your body at a controlled rate. You place the patch on a clean, dry, and unbroken skin of your upper arm, thigh, back, or stomach. Don’t stick it on bony areas of your body,  on your butt, or scrotum.

It comes in doses of 2 mg/day and 4 mg/day. The patch lasts for one week. You should rotate the site where you put it to avoid skin irritation. Like applying creams, you have to avoid certain activities. For the first three hours, you can’t shower, wash, or swim. 

6. Transdermal gel

The application is the same as the transdermal patch. Brands come in different formulations, like packets or pumps. You may apply it to the skin of the upper arm, inner thigh, or armpit every morning.

The downside is a gel can transfer to another person through skin-to-skin contact. Medical practitioners advise covering the area until it dries. 

7. Injection

It’s the usual route and cost-effective way of receiving TRT.  Your healthcare provider injects the oil-based substance into your gluteal muscle or buttocks. It gradually goes into your bloodstream.

You get an initial injection dose of 200-250 mg of testosterone every 2-3 weeks. It’s short-acting.  For younger men and older adults, the amount may be as little as 100 mg. The medical practitioner adjusts the quantity and frequency based on your body’s response.

Your testosterone level may not hit the desired target. A medical professional may increase the dose. In contrast, if your testosterone level over-shoots the target, the dose may be decreased.

Men using short-acting injections feel a boost of the effects after receiving a dose. Although, like at wave,  the level goes down after it peaks. Another option is long-acting testosterone injections administered every three months. 

But, there’s a downside. A study reveals long-acting TRT has lead to infertility. So, short-acting TRT is better for men with low testosterone who still want to have children.

8. Oral capsules

Oral TRT uses testosterone undecanoate or capsules. It’s not as effective as the other forms. It has to go through the digestive system before it gets absorbed by the body. But the latest study published in 2021 supports its safety. 

The study was composed of men with low testosterone levels. The researchers monitored them while evaluating the drug’s safety and efficacy. The study reveals the participants in the first and second years had maintained testosterone levels. Most of all, they didn’t show any signs of liver toxicity.

You receive a starting dose of dose 40 mg once a day. You usually take oral testosterone after a meal.

A medical practitioner may adjust the dose depending on how your body reacts. It may be 160-240 mg spread out in two to four doses in a day. Taking more than one dose a day can be costly, too. The downside is that it’s also more expensive compared to the other forms.

How much does testosterone replacement therapy cost? 

Is TRT expensive? Pharmacies in Albuquerque offer generic versions of testosterone at lower prices. Here are rough estimates for the monthly retail cost of branded testosterone:

• Oral capsules,  taken twice daily,  costs about $850 for 60 capsules.
• Buccal testosterone of two daily doses is not far behind at around $800 for 60 tablets.
• Transdermal gels, on the other hand, cost around $650 for 75 grams. Take note it may or may not last a month, depending on how much you apply. 
• Patches are about $550 for 30 pieces.
• Nasal gel costs less at $350.
• Pellets are about $110. The price,  based on $650 for TRT, lasts for about six months.
• Compounded not branded transdermal creams are about $60 to $160. Like gels, it may or may not last a month, depending on the amount you apply.
• Injections are relatively cheaper than other forms at around $30 to $120. 

Which testosterone replacement therapy is best for me? 

All testosterone forms have their pros and cons. Injections may last longer than the other modalities. However, the pellets are superior in performance because they are long-acting with slow release. You won’t experience the prick of an injection every time you get your dose. A steady release of the pellets spares you from the peaks and troughs of injections.

Transdermal forms like creams, gels, and patches keep testosterone levels stable. They’re easy to use, but it takes weeks for you to feel the effects.

There are many factors to be considered in choosing the best TRT for you. Each person is unique. Even the scientific community needs to investigate further the best dose, time, and route. 

There’s a 2017 published study compared the various medications used in TRT for hypogonadism. The researchers compared 13 brands of different testosterone forms. The study reveals all forms improved testosterone levels. 

The researchers recommended the top three options for TRT. Their opinion took into account patient compliance, efficacy, cost, and side effects. , Transdermal patches, injections, and transdermal gel are the options recommended.

Albuquerque, NM -- Ketamine infusion therapy works for mental health challenges like anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, alcohol, and drug abuse. Call us to start your therapy.

Today, almost 50% of Americans are fully vaccinated. Yet, the effects of the pandemic go beyond physical health. Some people suffer from mental problems as a consequence. 

According to experts, the top behavioral and mental disorders in Albuquerque include: 

1. Depression
2. Anxiety
3. Suicidal thoughts
4. Substance abuse 
5. Alcoholism

Are you one among many people suffering from any of these conditions?

The rate of COVID-19 cases is decreasing. As a result, new Mexicans now face a pressing need for behavioral and mental health services. Medical practitioners prescribe anti-anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or minor tranquilizers.

Some medical practitioners recommend ketamine infusion therapy. As an off-label drug, Ketamine eases symptoms of some behavioral and mental disorders. 

This blog hopes to give you an idea of how ketamine can help you: 

• The State of Behavioral and Mental Disorders in New Mexico and Albuquerque
• Reasons Behind Behavioral and Mental Disorders During the Pandemic
• How Ketamine Works for Five Behavioral and Mental Disorders

The State of Behavioral and Mental Disorders in New Mexico and Albuquerque

Mental problems before, during, and aftermath of the pandemic are similar. Therefore, the University of New Mexico (UNM) released the New Mexico Behavioral Health Resource Mapping and Needs Assessment in March 2020. 

UNM based its report on Medicaid claims from April 2018 to March 2019. Pre-pandemic, the most common disorders were substance abuse of opioid and alcohol use. Mental disorders included depression, anxiety, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. 

These common disorders are prevalent during the pandemic. A local news station shares a report by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). About 43% of New Mexicans struggle with anxiety and depression. To address these mental health disorders, NAMI offers free virtual classes. They also hold virtual support group meetings for Albuquerque residents.

In other news, the city government is setting up the Albuquerque Community Safety Department. It’s a  facility you call that responds to people in need of mental and substance abuse help. Non-police trained professionals like social workers and violence prevention specialists attend to the calls. 

Some people with mental problems often have comorbidities. Obesity, asthma, and diabetes are some of these health problems. These cases make it more challenging for medical practitioners. 

Reasons Behind Behavioral and Mental Disorders During the Pandemic

Behavioral and mental health problems persist, more so with the pandemic. COVID-19 negatively impacts most aspects of our lives. Health problems are the most significant impact, followed by psychological issues and financial woes. 

Some analysts point out reasons behind behavioral and mental disorders:

• Personal stress: Being cooped up at home due to quarantine lockdowns can result in cabin fever. It’s not an official medical diagnosis or mental disorder. But, if you have cabin fever, you may feel distressed, restless, or lonely. It contributes to your anxiety and depression. 

Personal stress can also mean maladjustment to the new normal. You have to change your routine and lifestyle. For example, instead of your daily commute to work, you now have to learn ways of working from home. Some people may not be as adaptable or flexible as you. 

The fear of the unknown or worry adds to the situation, which causes stress. It includes fear of getting infected with COVID-19.

Stress about COVID-19 affects children and teenagers, too. National data shows higher rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms among them. At the same time, adults suffer from substance abuse and suicidal ideation.

• Economic difficulty: Joblessness is a reality for New Mexicans. The pandemic caused a standstill on the economy. It continues to send people scrambling for unemployment benefits. 

Economic challenges cause personal stress. Like the rest of the world, people in Albuquerque lost their jobs due to the pandemic. They used to work in restaurants, salons, gyms, and retail stores. 

The pandemic left them with an uncertain future. It affects people’s mental state because they don’t know where to get money to survive. Bills, rent, insurance payments, and loans pile up with no source of income in sight. But, what do people like you do when they have a family to support? 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey, about 51% of New Mexicans with children lost their jobs. Some undocumented immigrants worry more due to their exclusion from receiving stimulus checks. Food insecurity exists as well, which affects nutrition and health.

How Ketamine Works for Five Behavioral and Mental Disorders

People may have been mentally ill before the onslaught of COVID-19. The pandemic, though, may have aggravated the mental problem. 

Medical practitioners prescribe ketamine infusion therapy for major depressive disorder or treatment-resistant depression (TRD). You’d know if you have TRD if you don’t respond to at least one antidepressant. Even with the right dose,  frequency, or duration, the medication still doesn’t work. Ketamine can be a last resort when other medical modes fail. 

Did your depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, or alcoholism worsen during the pandemic? 

Ketamine infusion therapy isn’t for everyone. You undergo a thorough evaluation before starting with the ketamine sessions. Ketamine is not a standalone therapy, and it goes hand-in-hand with other modalities to manage your symptoms. Like any medication, it has its potential side effects and contraindications.

The benefits of ketamine, though, have been widely studied for years.  

1. Depression: Women reported higher rates of depression and anxiety than men, based on a survey. It’s a general trend even before COVID-19. Moreover, the poll reveals that 46% of adult Hispanics reported being depressed or anxious during the pandemic. They ranked second to non-Hispanic Black adults at 48%.

Researchers have documented ketamine use in adults for many years. The latest 2020 study shows ketamine may be better than electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT  is the gold standard for managing TRD. The researchers reveal ketamine may be better tolerated, less taxing, and cheaper than ECT. 

It’s not only adult males and females who have suffered since the pandemic. The pandemic also affected adolescents. They experienced depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal thoughts. 

Ketamine works for teenagers, too. Researchers published a first-ever randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial this year. The researchers found ketamine reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents aged 13-17 with major depressive disorder.

2. Anxiety: A poll shows four in ten US adults reported being anxious or depressed during the pandemic. Based on the pulse survey, these cases significantly increased compared to the previous year. It equates from 11% in January to June 2019 to 41% in January 2021.

People with TRD may or may not have anxiety. But a study shows ketamine infusions improved symptoms among people with TRD who were anxious. It means ketamine works for people who have both TRD and anxiety.

Researchers in a 2020 study support intravenous ketamine as a safe and well-tolerated therapy. It improved the symptoms of people with depression and anxiety.

3. Suicidal thoughts: People with depression tend to think about ending their life. Suicidal ideation is a common symptom among people with TRD.  Statistics estimate about one million people commit suicide every year. About 66% of the cases happen during severe depression. 

A pulse survey reveals suicide rates in the US increased during the pandemic. Plus, drug overdose deaths have been reported to peak from March to May 2020.

In a 2019 study, repeated ketamine infusions decreased suicidal thoughts in 92% of participants. This finding adds to the growing evidence that Ketamine can be a potential option for depressive people with suicidal thoughts.

4. Substance abuse: May is Mental Health Month. To raise awareness, the Albuquerque government highlighted a program to support people with substance abuse problems. Substance abuse is one of the major mental health problems intensified by the pandemic. It’s widespread in the city.

A body of evidence suggests ketamine may be a potential therapy for addiction. Ketamine extends abstinence from substances like heroin. Other drugs studied include cocaine, marijuana, and opioids.

5. Alcoholism: People have been drinking more since the start of the pandemic. It’s not only in New Mexico but in other states as well. 

According to a 2020 study, the problem of alcohol consumption worsened during the start of COVID-19. The study also reveals  US adults who reported extreme stress due to the pandemic drank more than those who experienced less stress. 

People may want to kick the habit now that the pandemic is slowly dying out. Some medical practitioners prescribe ketamine for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. This treatment goes well with behavioral interventions like psychotherapy. It dampens cravings and encourages a person to quit drinking.

EndNote

The pandemic brought about many physical and mental health problems. Albuquerque faces its quest to overcome these challenges. As businesses and jobs are reopening, people like you are starting anew. The goal is to cope with the behavioral or mental difficulty to get back on your feet again. 

Anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse, or alcoholism are problems that need attention and treatment. Medical practitioners prescribe interventions appropriate for each behavioral or mental health problem.

Ketamine infusion therapy serves as an adjunct modality for behavioral and mental health problems. We have provided more than 2,000 ketamine infusions since 2017.

You may reach us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic at 505-445-4300. Our ketamine-certified staff will gladly answer your concerns about ketamine infusion therapy.

Albuquerque, NM -- Find fast relief for allergies and sinusitis. Here’s what and how to get rid of them. The remedy is available at the Injection and Infusion Clinic ABQ

Do you have persistent allergies? What about chronic sinusitis? These two conditions have similar symptoms. You’d probably take an OTC antihistamine to relieve your discomfort.

Antihistamines treat allergies. In some cases, it works for chronic sinusitis, where allergy is the cause. An example of a first-generation antihistamine is diphenhydramine. It’s a widely used and effective drug for allergies.

For more information about relief from allergy and chronic sinusitis, call the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ – 505-445-4300

Let’s differentiate allergies from chronic sinusitis and get to the bottom of how we could help you:

What is an allergy?

An allergy happens when your body reacts to foreign elements. It includes dust, smoke, pollen, dander, and certain foods. Your immune system produces antibodies when your body encounters any of these foreign elements or allergens. Your body thinks it’s harmful when it’s not. Your immune system reacts from an allergen as you experience inflammation as a symptom.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 50 million people suffer from allergies in the U.S. It’s the 6th leading cause of chronic illness.

What causes allergies?

Causes of allergy in adults may be food, medicines, latex, insect stings, or hay fever.

• One of the most common among adults is food allergies. It accounts for at least 1 in 10 US adults. Researchers conducted a 2019 joint study partly funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. It reveals the following:
• At least 26 million people have food allergies.
• The five most common food allergies include shellfish, milk, peanut, tree nut, and fish.
• Among adults with food allergies, 45.3% are allergic to other foods.
• Among adults with food allergies, 51.1% experienced severe reactions.
• Hay fever: Around 19.2 million adults have hay fever, which is more prevalent in women than men.
• Medicine: Antibiotics, aspirin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs are the most common triggers for an adverse reaction.
• Latex: In the general population, around 4.3% have a latex allergy. Healthcare workers are the most affected group with a prevalence rate of 9.7%, while 12.4% are sensitive to it.

Insect stings: Three percent of US adults can have life-threatening systemic reactions from insect stings. These insects include bees, fire ants, hornets, wasps, and yellow jackets.

What are the diagnosis and management for allergies?

You will undergo an assessment to know whether you have an allergy or not. A medical practitioner performs a physical exam and notes your signs, symptoms, and possible triggers. You may have to undergo skin and blood tests.

A medical practitioner introduces a small amount of protein from an allergen to a pinprick in a skin test. If you have a raised bump at the prick site, it means you’re allergic. A blood test determines the amount of allergy-causing antibodies in your blood or immunoglobulin E. Your healthcare provider will send your blood test to a laboratory to assess for possible allergens.

The results of your tests help you detect the foods you need to avoid. Identifying your triggers play an essential role in preventing another allergic reaction. But if you get another attack of allergies, management may include:

• Medications may help ease your allergic symptoms. A healthcare provider may prescribe OTC drugs, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids to you. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by your immune system when exposed to an allergen. Decongestants relieve congestion due to mucus build-up in nasal passages and reduce inflammation. Corticosteroids relieve allergic symptoms by reducing inflammation. Antihistamines, decongestants, and corticosteroids come in various forms such as pills, liquids, nasal sprays, and eye drops.
• Allergen Immunotherapy is the gradual exposure of allergen over time. It allows your body to get used to the element you are allergic to, such as pollen, dust mites, and molds. It’s most beneficial when other interventions didn’t work to improve your condition. It comes as a series of injections.

Another form is sublingual immunotherapy, where you place the tablet containing the allergen under your tongue. It reduces allergic symptoms. Healthcare practitioners give Biological medications like allergen immunology through injection. It works by targeting specific substances or reactions in your immune system to stop inflammation.

Emergency epinephrine injections, used during a life-threatening allergic reaction, prevent anaphylaxis. It reduces swelling in the airways caused by inflammation. It also increases blood flow in the veins.

What is sinusitis?

Sinuses are hollow spaces inside the skull around your nose. Sinusitis is a condition when your sinuses become swollen or inflamed. As it happens, it blocks off drainage as mucus builds up. It can be acute or short-lived. Colds, bacteria, and allergies, such as hay fever, cause acute sinusitis. It can also be chronic or persistent if it lasts for three months despite interventions.

According to the CDC, there are around 28.9 million Americans who have chronic sinusitis.  11.6% of adults are diagnosed with chronic sinusitis.

What causes chronic sinusitis?

 Infections, inflammation, or structural abnormalities can cause chronic sinusitis. The common causes include:

• Allergic rhinitis: It can be due to dust mites and molds or environmental exposures such as smoke from cigarettes and other airborne irritants/toxins.
• Respiratory tract infections (RTI):  RTIs can be bacterial, fungal, or viral. The most common RTI is colds, which can inflame the sinuses and block drainage.
• Deviated nasal septum: The septum, a wall between the nostrils, is uneven or crooked. It may block sinus passages.
• Nasal polyps: Nasal polyps are abnormal tissue growths that can block sinuses and nasal passages.
• Other medical conditions associated with sinusitis:
•  Asthma is a narrowing of the airways and may build up mucus, resulting in difficulty of breathing.
• Cystic fibrosis is an inherited and progressive disease that damages the lungs and reduces its ability to take in air. It affects the digestive system and other organs as well.
• Gastroesophageal disease (GERD) happens when stomach acid, food, or fluids flow back to the tube that connects your mouth and stomach.
• Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV infection attacks cells and weakens the body’s immune system that fights off disease.

What are the symptoms of chronic sinusitis?

There are three cardinal symptoms of sinusitis:

1. Greenish or yellowish mucus from the nose
2. A feeling of fullness or dental/facial pain
3. Airway blockage which causes difficulty of breathing

Other symptoms:

• Bad breath
• Cough
• Decreased sense of smell or taste
• Dental pain
• Ear pain
• Fatigue
• Headache
• For chronic sinusitis associated with allergic rhinitis: blocked or runny nose, itchiness, and sneezing

What are the diagnosis and management for chronic sinusitis?

There are four ways to diagnose whether you have chronic sinusitis or not. First, a medical practitioner uses a tube with a fiber-optic light. This instrument is inserted into your nose to see the areas of your sinuses.

Second, a medical practitioner may get nasal or sinus mucus samples from you. If your condition persists or worsens with interventions, your medical practitioner may request cultures. This procedure may determine the cause of your chronic sinusitis, such as the presence of bacteria or fungi.

Third, you may have to undergo imaging tests. CT and MRI scans show nasal areas and sinuses where there’s inflammation or obstruction. Fourth, an allergy may cause your chronic sinusitis.  An allergy test helps identify the allergen or the source of your allergy, which you should avoid.

Medical Practitioners may prescribe Medications/management for your condition:

1. If you have a bacterial infection, your healthcare practitioner may prescribe antibiotics for up to three weeks.
2. Your medical practitioner may give you antihistamines if you have an allergy.  Immunotherapy or allergy shots provided by your medical practitioner help reduce your body’s reaction to an allergen.
3. Decongestants relieve your symptoms, such as mucus blockage.
4. Nasal saline irrigation can serve as an adjunct to nasal steroids. It is effective at high volume compared to nasal spray.
5. Medical Practitioners use nasal steroids such as nasal sprays for up to 12 weeks. You can use it with or without nasal saline irrigation to prevent and treat inflammation.
6. Oral steroids or injected corticosteroids treat severe symptoms. It helps relieve your inflammation.

Endoscopic sinus surgery is an intervention option as a last resort when your condition has become resistant to medication. A polyp can be removed or shaved to widen your sinus opening.

The Bottom Line

Allergies can be associated with chronic sinusitis. It happens when chronic sinusitis exists along with allergic rhinitis. These conditions have various interventions.

However, a severe sudden attack of allergy can happen. There’s a narrowing of the airways, which leads to the difficulty of breathing. At this point, you can’t take medication by mouth. Diphenhydramine can be given by mouth, on the skin, and by injection for faster results. Like any other drug, diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) has side effects or adverse reactions.

For more information about Benadryl injections for allergies and chronic sinusitis, call us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ - 505-445-4300

Albuquerque, NM: First time with Ketamine infusion therapy? The Injection and Infusion Clinic gives you tips. Talk to us to begin your journey today.

Every ketamine story will be different, and there will always be a first time for everyone who wants to experience the therapeutic effect of a ketamine infusion. But guess what? It is entirely normal to have a wide range of feelings in response to an upcoming ketamine infusion, and we are here to help!

Ketamine has been long-approved for anesthetic purposes and used off-label for depression. It has become a viable alternative for people who are suffering from treatment-resistant depression. It is a powerful adjunct treatment that can be very helpful in restoring quality of life.

The treatment and management for depression varies from patient to patient. Over time, antidepressants coupled with psychotherapy treat depression. However, treatment-resistant depression has become quite a challenge in about one-third of patients who fail to achieve full recovery using conventional therapy.

Ketamine infusions have been very instrumental as support therapy in the management of a broad array of conditions such as chronic pain disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Here are a few tips and pointers from The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ to maximize your ketamine infusion and get the best benefit for yourself in the experience.

1. Prepare yourself physically and mentally.

Before going into a scheduled appointment, make sure to set your mind and body first. Preparing yourself might mean refraining from watching violent movies or TV shows or voluntarily avoiding alcohol. Set your eyes on the goal, and start working your way towards it. 

The protocol recommends fasting before every ketamine infusion. Although The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ only recommends having your last meal at least six hours before your scheduled infusion, it can also be beneficial to have a complete fast before your therapy to reap the benefits of a detoxified body.  A complete fast includes avoiding food and drink (especially soda and caffeine) the night before, and extending up to the morning of the treatment. This fasting may also include the discontinuation of some medications. Just check with your healthcare provider as to the extent of the fast.

2. Do your research.

The subjective experiences of ketamine are diverse. When people use ketamine as a recreational drug, its experiences are not always easy to describe, especially other illicit substances. Ketamine affects multiple functions, including memory, emotion, language, sensation, and perception. Thus, it is essential to do your research to improve your confidence in infusion therapy. 

Multiple drug use, drug use history, mode of administration, quantity, and quality of ketamine, user group, and the actual physical space where ketamine infusions happen are significant impacts on the ketamine infusion experience. Thus, it is vital to do your research. Knowing the history, process, and success rates of ketamine infusions will give you the confidence you need.

You can also browse through other posts and articles on our website about ketamine to help you prepare mentally for your ketamine infusion. 

3. Consider participating in a preparatory detoxification program.

The goal of enrolling in a detox program is to come out as clean as possible because ketamine infusions can significantly impact your mind and body. Make sure you are eating the right food and taking the proper medications. 

Studies have noted that ketamine infusion causes an initial “high” coupled with enhanced perception and a period of dissociation. The concomitant use of stimulants and depressants may alter your experience, so make sure to consult with your healthcare provider regarding your medications on board.

4. Set an appointment for a thorough talk with your provider regarding the infusion process.

Pick up the phone and set an appointment with your provider for a one-on-one talk. This appointment can help boost your confidence in the therapy. Write down all the questions that come to mind before the appointment. Do not be hesitant to discuss these questions with your provider. You should ask your provider what the process is for the infusion, the specific techniques before starting the infusion, and what to do after your infusion.

Here at The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ, you will fill out some standard paperwork before every ketamine infusion.        A Mood Monitor, which is a test that allowing the clinic to monitor changes and your responses, will be set up before and after each ketamine infusion. 

Your provider processes your payment and then ushers you to the back of the clinic to start IV therapy.  If you have specific concerns, your provider addresses them and takes you to your infusion chair.  Your provider attaches a monitor, and then the staff starts your ketamine infusion. Most patients dissociate during the infusion. Do not be anxious because this is entirely normal. Please do not hesitate to call the staff’s attention if you start getting uncomfortable during infusion. After the infusion, the team monitors you for approximately 30 minutes, depending on your response. All in all, expect two hours for each ketamine infusion appointment.

You will receive a questionnaire from the Mood Monitor a day after your infusion. It is essential to fill this out to monitor your response and avoid complications. Ketamine infusions are spread out over days to weeks, and your dose is dependent on your response.

5. Consider journaling and reflection.

Put your thoughts into writing. Specify in your journal what you hope to learn, experience, and resolve during your ketamine infusion. This reflection makes every appointment meaningful, and it becomes an avenue for you to heal holistically.

Reflect with the outcomes in mind. Write out specific and attainable goals. These goals can be as straightforward as “let go of my depression” or “decrease chronic pain.” Be in a calm mindset and an unhurried state before the infusion to keep your stress levels to a minimum. Spending time with nature is an excellent way to free your thoughts and visualize your goals for going forward with your ketamine infusion.

6. Talk to a loved one about your plan.

Since we, at The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ, encourage “letting go” during a ketamine infusion, we have observed having a loved one there during the infusion can interfere with that process. This interference is why we prefer our clients come on their own. 

However, it does not mean we are against you sharing your journey with a loved one. As a matter of fact, you must have a supportive spouse, family member, or friend who you can involve in the process. Aside from sharing your journey with this person, they can pick you up after your infusion sessions since you shouldn’t drive or go home on your own even after the observation process.

7. Make it a point to integrate.

To complete the preparatory process, visualize processing the insight and learnings you get with every ketamine infusion. It is one thing to get help through the infusion, and it is another thing to be proactive in creating change for a better quality of life. This difficulty is why you should make it a point to integrate!

After the infusion, make sure to comply with the Mood Monitor to help you achieve the best from your ketamine infusion experience. Aside from the standard paperwork and mood monitoring, you can start reflecting on your insights gained during your ketamine infusion. You begin by having daily or weekly mantras to help motivate you in this new journey for a better well-being.

For example, you can have “Be patient with yourself” or “The best things in life take time” as your mantra for the first few days after your first ketamine infusion.

Here are some tips for integration: Start with expressing yourself through journaling, art, poetry, or music right after an infusion. You can then follow it through with meditation techniques and therapeutic talk with your family or loved one. Then, start a new healthy routine such as adding yoga or hiking, while declaring a full stop on your unhealthy habits and behavior. 

Ketamine infusions require a significant amount of time as an investment. Consider allocating two hours at least for every session. In addition to time spent at the clinic, you have to consider possible downtime at home while resting. Carefully plot these schedules in your calendar to avoid unnecessary stress while healing. 

Your first ketamine infusion session should be something to look forward to, not something to cause anxiety! Whether it be for your mental health or for chronic pain, ketamine infusions are worth trying. So, book an appointment with us today to help you take the first steps towards a better quality of life and a better you.

Albuquerque, NM -- Did you know that Inositol works for polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS? The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ offers Inositol, a fat burner, too!

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or PCOS is one of the common causes of infertility among women of child-bearing age. It affects 6-12% or an estimated 5 million women in the US (CDC, 2020). Women with PCOS are at risk of developing Type-2 diabetes, endometrial cancer, heart problems, and high blood pressure (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d.).

If you’re one of these women, there’s a promising therapy for you. This therapy is Lipostat/MIC. It consists of Methionine, Inositol, and Choline. It’s a fat burner injection that also works to increase fertility. 

Benefits of Inositol for Women with PCOS

Lipostat contains Inositol. Other than helping women with PCOS lose weight, Inositol plays a significant role in fertility. It comes in various forms such as myo-, cis-, and d-chiro. These forms are also called metabolites which regulate your menstrual cycles and improve your ovarian function, among others. Scientific studies back the benefits of Inositol.

• Inositol had positive effects on the modulation of female metabolic and reproductive pathways (Genazzi, 2016). As a natural compound, it can be a treatment option for PCOS. 
• Inositol has also been proven effective in PCOS by improving hormones and restoring ovulation in women (Lagana et al., 2018). 
• Both myo-Inositol and d-chiro-Inositol are potential therapies for women with PCOS (Formuso et al., 2015).
• The crucial point was the proper ratio of myo-Inositol and d-chiro-Inositol in treating women with PCOS (Nestler and Unfer, 2015). Another study also found the combination of myo-Inositol and d-chiro-Inositol was effective in treating PCOS. The ratio of 40:1 restored the function of the ovaries and metabolic balance (Monastra et al., 2016).
• Inositol in PCOS improved the ovarian function of women trying to conceive through assisted reproductive technology (Garg and Tal, 2016).

For more details on its efficacy, let’s learn more about PCOS first. The direct cause of PCOS is unclear and not fully known yet. But excess androgen and family history are associated with it. Moreover, PCOS links to low-grade inflammation (Gonzales, 2013), obesity (Sam, 2007), and insulin resistance (Højlund, 2014). Researchers claimed PCOS might originate with various mineral or vitamin deficiencies (Güinalan et al., 2018).

Symptoms of PCOS

Symptoms may not be obvious. And some women find out they have PCOS only when they have trouble getting pregnant. The symptoms may include the following:

• Irregular, very light, or no periods due to the absence of ovulation
• Excess hair on the body and face while thinning scalp hair due to higher than normal levels of male hormones or androgen 
• Larger than normal ovaries due to multiple cysts 
• Bulging belly or weight gain
• Oily skin or acne 
• Thick or dark skin patches under the breast, armpits, and the back and neck (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d.)

3 Therapies for PCOS

1. Medications

Your primary healthcare provider may prescribe birth control pills to regulate your menstrual cycle. These pills contain progestin and estrogen that decrease androgen or male hormones. Taking these pills lowers your risk of endometrial cancer and minimizes acne and excessive hair growth. 

You may also be prescribed with medications that make you ovulate or release eggs. Some of these are Clomiphene, Femara, Metformin, and injectable Gonadotropins. Fertility medications may cause side effects such as abdominal bloating and pelvic discomfort. There’s a risk of multiple births, too.

2. Healthy diet and lifestyle

Some women with PCOS are overweight. You can verify this by checking your weight using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Normal BMI ranges from 18.5 and 24.9. You can use handy BMI calculators online, so you won’t have to compute.

To shed those unwanted pounds, you should exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet.  Healthcare providers recommend lessening your carbohydrate and sugar intake. And as a result, you should eat more fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, and lean meats. For a customized diet plan, consult your primary healthcare provider. Your underlying medical conditions may affect your physical activities. You should ask about this as well.

3. Alternative or adjunct therapy: Lipotropic injections

These are fat-loss supplements. One of its derivatives is Lipostat. It has three components. First, Methionine prevents the build-up of excess fat in the liver and body. Second, Inositol is a nutrient that belongs to B complex vitamins. It helps in breaking down fats and reducing cholesterol. It also aids serotonin in regulating mood and appetite. Third, Choline supports liver health by getting rid of harmful chemical wastes in the body. It, too, helps metabolize cholesterol and fats. Often, the regimen adds Vitamin B-12 i to regulate your fat and boost your energy.

Inositol

The main component Inositol makes Lipostat a promising therapy for PCOS. Johannes Joseph Scherer, a German physician in 1850, first saw Inositol in the muscle. It was first called muscle sugar. Later it was named Inositol with a Greek origin meaning carbohydrate inside a fiber. The most common form of this saturated compound is myo-Inositol (WebMD, n.d.). Found in plants as phytic acid, myo-Inositol improves glucose uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and increases insulin sensitivity (Kim et al., 2014). These benefits are the reason for using myo-Inositol for weight loss.

R.J. Anderson identified the structure of myo-Inositol in 1940 (Bizzarri, 2014). It regulates follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). FSH is essential in the development of ovaries and testes during puberty. On the other hand, TSH stimulates the production of hormones. Myo-Inositol also modulates sugar absorption. In 1988, Larner and colleagues revealed myo-Inositol and d-chiro-Inositol are chemical mediators of insulin (Bizzarri, 2014).

Inositol and folic acid

In 2007, a study conducted among 25 women who had scant or no menses found they had fewer chances of ovulating, which brought about their infertility. The researchers gave the women myo-Inositol with folic acid. Folate is a type of B vitamin. Folic acid, in a processed form, can be found in food and additives. It helps the body in maintaining or producing new cells.

After six months, 22 women started having their menstrual and ovulation periods. The good news, too, is that 10 of the women became pregnant. This study proved myo-Inositol with folic acid was safe and restored menstrual and ovarian functions (Papaleo et al., 2007).

Inositol and metformin

Inositol with metformin works well together also. Metformin decreases your blood sugar levels and helps in regulating insulin in your body. Twenty-seven women with PCOS who were overweight participated in a study. Nine used a diet only. Nine other women were given metformin with a diet. And the rest of the nine women were given myo-Inositol with diet. The researchers associated the weight loss with metformin and the regularity of the menstrual cycle with myo-Inositol (Le Donne et al., 2012).

Is Inositol Effective and Safe for PCOS?

Not everyone agrees Inositol has positive results. Researchers wrote a critical analysis of Inositol treatment. They based the review on a compilation of relevant MEDLINE studies about Inositol-based products used on women with PCOS. The researchers argued that the combination of myo-Inositol and di-chiro-Inositol counteracted each other (Roseff and Montenegro, 2020). 

But, the growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of Inositol as a fat burner and therapy for PCOS. Inositol, may it be myo- or di-chiro, was effective and safe for women with PCOS, including those who underwent in-vitro fertilization procedures (Unfer et al., 2016). To this day, researchers continue to conduct further studies to either prove or disprove the capability of Inositol for PCOS. 

Potential Side effects

Researchers also showed Inositolcombined with folic acid and metformin, in current studies, is effective. You may take these by mouth or injection. Both, though, have the potential for gastrointestinal discomforts. Inositol supplements have potential side effects such as nausea, gas, and stomach pain. 

 As an inotropic injection, Inositol goes directly into the body without having to pass through the stomach. The reaction of Inositol depends on the individual. Some may experience anxiety, dizziness, high blood pressure, or increased heart rate. A few may experience muscle problems or pain, such as myopathy. Myopathy manifests as muscle cramps, stiffness, weakness, or spasms. The risk is greater though in adults aged 65 years and older.

Other possible side effects of myo-Inositol include nausea, gas, diarrhea, and loose stools at 12 g/day or higher (Carlomagno and Unfer, 2011). The researchers also noted Inositol of 4 g/day is completely free of side effects. These are usually used in clinics. The Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ administers Lipostat/MIC as a fat burner injection at 1 ccs, 2 ccs, and 3 ccs, respectively.

Contraindications

• If you are pregnant, you should not take Lipostat, either as a supplement or injectable. 
• Medical practitioners also caution people with diabetes, thyroid disorder, and kidney or liver disease.
• If you are allergic or hypersensitive, consult your healthcare clinician. 
• People who consume alcoholic beverages of two or more servings per day are prohibited.
• Other medications you are taking may interact with Lipostat. Tell your primary healthcare provider about this before you start Lipostat therapy. 

Are you convinced?

Lipostat/MIC burns fats and answers your fertility problems. You might want to know this inotropic injection has added benefits with its methionine and choline components.For more information about Lipostat/MIC, please do not hesitate to visit or call us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ - 505 445 4300.

Albuquerque, NM -- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) poses a greater risk for anxiety and depression. Ketamine may be a potential therapy for you.

Symptoms of PMDD:

1. Physical: It’s a general feeling of being sick. Your head, muscles, or joints ache. Your breasts are tender, and you feel bloated. 
2. Psychological: You may feel depressed, sad, or worthless. You may have bouts of mood swings, irritability, or increased anxiety.
3. Behavioral: You may lack the energy and interest to do your usual activities. You skip a meal or binge eat as your appetite changes. You may experience either oversleeping or insomnia. There’s just no way for you to control the situation and you feel overwhelmed.

Prevalence of psychological symptoms in PMDD:

In 1997, researchers conducted a study to determine the link between PMDD and psychological or mood disorders. The researcher noted women with PMDD have similar symptoms to other women suffering from psychological or mood disorders. But this doesn’t mean they can share the same kind of therapies. 

The researcher further stressed differentiating PMDD  from mood disorders should be done in terms of intervention options.  Biological and cognitive conditions and response to interventions are criteria for decisions regarding options.

In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) listed PMDD as a separate item under Depressive Disorders with a different criterion for diagnosis, depending on the severity of symptoms.

But a study reveals the existence of comorbidity with mood disorders among teenagers and young adults. Among these comorbidities, anxiety disorder topped the rank at 47.4%.  Other mood disorders followed with a status of  22.9%. The remaining 28.4% was somatoform, a mental disorder with physical manifestations, and 26.5% had no other mental disorder.

Depressive symptoms in PMDD:

Depression, anxiety, and irritability are the most studied PMDD symptoms because women with PMDD consistently display these mood disorders.

• Researchers interviewed nine women in a two-year pilot study. They found out PMDD posed a risk for major depressive symptoms. They noted  PMDD leads to the onset of major depressive disorder. 
• A study aimed to assess and determine the role of these mood symptoms in the diagnosis of PMDD. Sixty-seven women with PMDD and 75 other women answered comprehensive questionnaires. The results show women with PMDD exhibited heightened mood symptoms. Depression ranked as the most prominent among the three mood disorders.
• Symptoms of PMD and PMDD overlap, and researchers correlated these with depression. They studied 116 women aged 18 to 40 years old. They found out  46.6% of the women with depressive symptoms had major depression. The study further reveals PMS and PMDD link to the diagnosis of major depression. Moreover,  the gravity of PMS and the existence of PMDD increased depression.

Thus, researchers in another study highlighted clinicians’ need to assess PMDD with major depressive disorder carefully. They noted women with PMDD and major depression required future studies to identify more appropriate management strategies. 

What causes psychological symptoms in PMDD?

 Researchers attribute the role of neurotransmitters in the brain to the psychological symptoms of PMDD. These neurotransmitters are serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA, glutamate, and beta-endorphins. 

Serotonin is involved with mood regulation. During the premenstrual or luteal phase, there is a decrease in serotonin levels, which results in a bad mood. GABA levels decrease as well, but PMDD connects to the increase in glutamate levels,  PMDD. Serotonin, though, as a modulator leads to an increase in GABA and a decrease in glutamate.

  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and glutamate-targeting antidepressants, having been extensively studied,  are effective in treating PMDD. Ketamine’s mechanism of action involves serotonin, GABA, and glutamate.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) 

SSRIs, which act as a mood booster,  are known to increase serotonin levels in the brain. Participants received a continuous dose of SSRI during the luteal phase. The review established SSRIs as an effective first-line management of PMDD. Sertraline, an SSRI antidepressant, has been shown to be effective  as therapy for PMDD.

SSRI was significantly more effective than placebo. Another SSRI antidepressant, fluoxetine, effectively treated mood,  physical, and social symptoms associated with PMDD. SSRI’s response rate to treat PMDD is high as it targets irritability, mood swings, and emotional lability.

Role of ketamine in serotonin 1B receptors:

Ketamine may be a potential therapy for PMDD as it interacts with serotonin in the brain like SSRIs. Low levels of serotonin in the brain manifests in severe depression. In an experiment, researchers saw an increase in serotonin turnover in the rat brain after ketamine administration. Using Positron Emission Testing (PET) molecular imaging, a study reveals that ketamine boosted serotonin activity in monkeys’ brains. 

In the latest 2020 study, the number of serotonin 1B receptors increased with the administration of ketamine. Researchers also found out ketamine worked among SSRI-resistant people with major depressive disorder. 

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid or GABA

GABA has a possible role in PMDD. Some progesterone metabolites, tested on mice,  interact with GABA A receptors. Evidence suggests the importance of the GABA A receptor in the cause and potential management for mood disorders, such as PMDD. 

Preliminary findings in another study suggest the abnormal levels of GABA+ and glutamate/mine are associated with women with PMDD.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors affect enzymes that create progesterone metabolites. The SSRIs modulate GABA A receptors. SSRIs increased GABA concentrations in the brain of people with depression as a primary action. 

Role of ketamine in gamma-aminobutyric acid: 

People with depressive disorder may have altered levels of GABA A and glutamate in their brains. Ketamine reversed these neurochemical or physiological instabilities. Ketamine increased GABA A receptors in the brain, which leads to ketamine’s anti-depressive effect.

Glutamate 

Changes in glutamate levels result from hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual period. Lower levels of glutamate lead to depressive symptoms experienced by women with PMDD. 

Role of ketamine in glutamate: Depressive symptoms during PMDD are associated with low glutamate levels in the brain. Ketamine increases glutamate. Thus, infusing ketamine in the onset of PMDD symptoms may ease your mood and depressive symptoms.

• Researchers proposed ketamine as a fast-acting antidepressant due to its effect on the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. 
• Ketamine activates glutamate in the prefrontal of the brain as a key mechanism. This mechanism contributes to its temporary psychomimetic and sustained long-lasting antidepressant effects. 
• Estrogen and ketamine showed an additive effect on AMPA receptors, which may have a role in ketamine’s therapeutic response in major depressive disorders. A subtype of ionotropic glutamate, the AMPA receptor,  imitates the effects of glutamate.

Interventions for PMDD 

PMDD negatively impacts your life due to its physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms. The therapies available for you are SSRIs, hormonal therapy, psychotherapy, and supplements. Other therapies include proper diet or nutrition and exercise.

SSRIs treat PMDD with psychological or mood symptoms. SSRIs are fast-acting. They are effective and significantly improve psychological symptoms at the luteal phase of women with PMDD. It also enhanced the women’s quality of life. 

Ketamine IV infusion, a potential therapy for PMDD

Ketamine’s mechanism of action is complex, but studies have supported its antidepressant effects. Ketamine IV infusion for PMDD can be a promising therapy to relieve your mood symptoms.  Consult with us on the appropriate intervention for you. Or, visit us at the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ for any ketamine-related concerns.

More than 2,000 infusions have been given safely by our ketamine-certified staff since 2017.

Albuquerque, NM -- Vitamin D is for healthy bones, skin, hair, muscle, immunity, and more! Vitamin D injectable is available at the Injection and Infusion Clinic.

Have you been feeling fatigued lately for no apparent reason? Do you have muscle and bone pain? There are a lot of reasons you are feeling this way. For one, you may be suffering from Vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin therapy can correct Vitamin D deficiency. For more information on injection therapy, visit our website at the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ.

Vitamin D, called calciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin. Your body produces Vitamin D when ultraviolet rays from sunlight hit your skin.  Some foods and supplements contain Vitamin D too. It aids your body in absorbing calcium to grow and strengthen your bones. 

The two forms of Vitamin D are D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). If taken by mouth, the small intestines absorb them, and they go into your bloodstream. The absorption isn’t affected by obesity or aging.

You may have Vitamin D deficiency if you are not getting enough of it from various sources.

What are the sources of Vitamin D?

The recommended daily value of Vitamin D for adults is 20 mcg or 800 IU. It can come from sun exposure, some foods, and dietary supplements.

• Sun exposure: The body produces Vitamin D3 when ultraviolet (UV) B rays of sunlight penetrate your skin. People with dark skin and the elderly are less able to process Vitamins from sunlight. 

Some experts suggest it takes sun exposure of 5 to 30 minutes to get enough Vitamin D synthesis. You can sunbathe between 10 AM and 4 PM at least twice a week, without sunscreen.

Another study suggests sun exposure depends on the season and skin color. For fair-skinned people, 8-15 minutes is enough to get enough Vitamin D. It takes longer for dark-skinned people.

• You can find Vitamin D in some foods. Only a few foods contain Vitamin D. It comes from fatty fish, egg yolks, cheese, mushrooms, and beef liver. Other sources fortified with Vitamin D include milk, cereals, margarine, orange juice, and yogurt. 
• Supplements containing VitaminsD2 and D3 can be beneficial. The metabolism of both D vitamins is almost the same. But studies show D3 increases serum (OH)D levels more than D2. 

The link between Vitamin D to various cancers

According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, there is not enough evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harm of multivitamins in cancer prevention. The efficacy of Vitamin D as an anti-cancer supplement needs further studies.

Researchers conducted various studies to investigate the link of Vitamin D to different cancers. Conclusions derived from multiple studies have conflicting findings.

• Vitamin D treats breast cancer:  Researchers conducted a clinical trial called Women’s Health Initiative. A total of 36,282 postmenopausal women received 400 IU Vitamin D3 and 1,000 mg of calcium daily for seven years. The clinical trial reveals thD3 and calcium supplements didn’t reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

A separate study investigated the same women 4.9 years after the initial clinical trial. The study reveals an 18% lower risk of breast cancer for the women who continued to take Vitamin D and calcium. But the study also discovers a negative result. Women who took higher doses of Vitamin D at the start of the clinical trial had a 28% higher risk of breast cancer.

• Vitamin D and colorectal cancer: The same Women’s Health Initiative shows Vitamin D and calcium supplements had no effect on colorectal cancer. The VITAL trial found no connection between Vitamin D supplements and the risk of serrated polyps. It had no link to colorectal adenomas, too.
• Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer: Researchers investigated 12,205 men and women. They found variations of Vitamin D concentrations or 25(OH)D had different results. Vitamin D of 30 ng/m to 40 ng/ml didn’t reduce pancreatic cancer risk. But, concentrations above 40 ng/ml increased the risk of pancreatic cancer.
• Vitamin D and prostate cancer: There have been studies suggesting high levels of Vitamin D or 25(OH)D might increase prostate cancer risk. One of these studies is a meta-analysis of 21 related studies among men with prostate cancer.  Higher levels of 25(OH)D indicate a 17% higher risk of prostate cancer .

However,  Studies published state otherwise. These studies found no relationship between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of prostate cancer. 

Researchers analyzed 19 prospective studies. It involved 13,462 men with prostate cancer and 20,261 men as a control group. The results reveal low levels of Vitamin D or Vitamin D deficiency didn’t increase prostate cancer risk. High levels of 25(OH)D didn’t mean a lower risk of prostate cancer.

Higher levels of 25(OH)D though was associated with 9% lower mortality rates from prostate and other cancers. 

The link between Vitamin D to heart, muscle, and mental health

Does Vitamin D impact heart, muscle, and mental health? Like the association between Vitamin D and various cancers, there have been conflicting answers to this question.

• Heart health: Researchers conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis based on 19 relevant studies. They found a link between lower  Vitamin D levels to increased risk of ischemic stroke. It includes myocardial infarction and early death with decreased 25(OD) D levels.

However, a separate study reveals monthly high-dose VitaminD supplement doesn’t prevent cardiovascular disease. 

• Muscle health: Vitamin D supplements impact muscle strength and function in older adults. There is a consistent relationship between Vitamin D status and muscle function in frail older adults. Moreover, n A  decline in muscle function found by researchers indicates a link to a Vitamin D deficiency. 

 Other studies reveal conflicting results. One of these studies is the case of 78 pre-frail elderly. They received Vitamin D3 or placebo every day for six months. Researchers found no difference in muscle strength and performance compared with the placebo group.

• Mental health: Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 14 observational studies among 31,424 adults. They concluded low Vitamin D levels are associated with depression. 

However, a VITAL trial shows no evidence  Vitamin D3 in adults prevents depression.  There were no significant differences in the depressive incidents among two groups of participants after taking Vitamin D3 and placebo—the two groups were composed of people with no history of depression and recurrent depression. 

No studies have yet tested the benefits of Vitamin D3 to depression. It applies to people with Vitamin D deficiency who are taking antidepressants. 

What is Vitamin D deficiency?

Adequate Vitamin D is 50-125 nmol/l. The high level is 125 nmol/l and above, while the low level is 30 nmol/l and below.

About one billion people worldwide have Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin insufficiency affects an estimated 50% of the world’s population. In the US, 35% of adults are Vitamin D deficient.

There are cases where deficiency in Vitamin D may show no symptoms. A Vitamin D blood test may help confirm it.

What are the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency?

Some of the symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency are bone and back problems, tiredness or fatigue and hair loss. 

• Bone and back problems: Researchers from various studies connect Vitamin D deficiency to bone and back problems. Chronic low back pain was prevalent among Indians who were Vitamin D deficient. At the same time, bone pain was associated wi Vitamin D deficiency and secondary thyroid problems among Turkish immigrants in Germany showed bone pain was another symptom of the deficiencies.

 Vitamin D deficiency in women with low bone mass showed back pain linked to the deficiency too. In comparison, researchers in another study found an association between low Vitamin D and bone mineral density. It resulted from the study among 1,436 Arab women aged 45-65 years old.

• Tiredness or fatigue: A study reveals a high prevalence of fatigue among 200 female nurses. Researchers noted 89% of nurses suffered from Vitamin D deficiency. The research shows a significant relationship between fatigue and Vitamin D deficiency. Another study also found 77.2% of participants with low Vitamin D experienced fatigue.

• Hair loss: Researchers attributed severe hair loss or alopecia areata to low VitaminD blood levels. Researchers found a connection between VitaminD deficiency and the risk of developing alopecia areata. 

What are the causes of Vitamin D deficiency?

• Lack of VitaminD intake from various sources
• Malabsorption disorders such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cystic fibrosis
• Limited sun exposure

What’s the best Vitamin D supplement - D2 or D3?

Your body absorbs vitamins D2 and D3 in your gut then into your bloodstream. Calcifediol is the chief VitaminD circulating in the blood. Calcifediol produced in the liver indicates your body’s VitaminD status. 

D2 is found in plant sources, while D3 in animal sources. Plants receive UV-B from sunlight, which leads to the formation of D2 as plant oils. Plants include mushrooms, fungi, or yeast. Your liver metabolizes D2 into 25-hydroxyvitamin or 25(OH) D2.

Your skin forms D3 when UV-B from sunlight hits your skin. The compound is called 7-dehydrocholesterol in your skin. Your liver metabolizes D3 into 25-hydroxyvitamin or 25(OH) D3.

Between the two D vitamins, studies show Vitamin D3 is better than D3. 

• Researchers investigated the efficacy and safety of high-dose intramuscular injections of D2 and D3. A total of 69 people with VitaminD deficiency took part in the 12-week study. The study reveals both D vitamins were well tolerated and safe at 300 000-IU boluses. However, the researchers found D3 was more potent than D2. They suggested administering Vitamin  D3 boluses three times per year.

Researchers conducted a study of 32 female older adults with Vitamin D deficiency. D3 taken by mouth also showed twice as potent as D2 in increasing serum 25(OH)D. 

• A systemic review and meta-analysis compared D2 and D3. It determined which D vitamins better impact the concentration of 25(OH)D in the body. The review found D3 had significant positive effects. It raised serum levels of 25(OH)D better than D2.
• D3 works better than D2 for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Researchers recruited participants with CKD from the University of Kansas Medical Center. In this first-ever randomized clinical study, the researchers observed D3 to be more superior than D2. 

D3 raised serum level concentration of 25(OH)D during the therapy. They also noted a decrease in D3’s performance. It happened when D3 was discontinued when the participants reached a stable state. The researchers suggested D3 maintenance therapy may be needed to sustain the 25(OH)D level.

D3 performs better than D2 taken by mouth or injected intramuscularly. It’s effective, safe, and well-tolerated by people who are Vitamin D deficient. A study further reveals D2 has a shorter shelf life due to sensitivity to temperature changes.

However, studies on the stability of D2 and D3 in oil are lacking. Experts also debated the relevance to health of Vitamins D2 and D3 in oil.. At the moment, D2 and D3 vitamins benefit you in many ways. You can get both D vitamins from dietary supplements or fortified foods.

What are the side effects of Vitamin D therapy?

Vitamin D toxicity or hypervitaminosis is possible with the excessive intake of Vitamin D. It rarely happens. When it does, serum 25(OH)D levels are over 88 ng/ml. Toxicity causes hypercalcemia or excessive calcium in the blood. You may experience confusion, muscle weakness, vomiting, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Severe cases can lead to bone pain and excess deposits of calcium in the kidney.

When is the best time to take Vitamin D?

You may take Vitamin D supplements in the morning on a full stomach. It improves absorption with a 50% increase in serum levels of 25(OH)D. Add some healthy fat to your meal, as a study shows it enhances absorption of VitaminD.

Researchers found a connection between vitamin deficiency and poor sleep quality. Taking VitaminD at night may interfere with your sleep.To know when is the best time to get an IM injection of Vitamin D, call the Injection and Infusion Clinic of ABQ at 505-445-4300 today.